The main characteristic of Periodontal disease is the inflammation that affects the tissues that support the teeth, namely the gums, the periodontal ligament and the bone (alveolar bone). It is the most common disease of the human species and affects people of both genders of all ages.

Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease. It is an inflammation of the gums which is caused by the presence of dental plaque. Genetic factor influences the predisposition to the occurrence of the disease. Symptoms of gingivitis are reddening of the gums, swelling of the gums and bleeding when brushing the teeth. It is a reversible damage, as long as the microbial plaque is removed and a good level of oral hygiene is maintained.

If gingivitis remains untreated for a long time, it can progress to periodontitis (20% chance). Periodontitis is inflammation of the other periodontal tissues that surround the tooth, i.e. the periodontal ligament and the bone.
 


Different stages of periodontal disease


In periodontitis, destruction of the bone that supports the teeth is observed, which gradually and if the dentist does not intervene, loosen and eventually fall out.
 


Periodontitis


Periodontitis usually occurs after the age of 35 (adult periodontitis). Of course, there are various forms of the disease which can be observed at any age. Some forms of periodontitis can present a rapid and destructive progression (aggressive periodontitis). A large percentage of adults have some form of periodontitis.

Periodontitis develops without severe symptoms and mainly without significant pain. This is precisely why many people who suffer from periodontal disease are unaware of it. The progression of the disease varies from person to person and from tooth to tooth in the same person. Without the intervention of the dentist, the progression of the disease is unpredictable. The dentist removes factors that serve the retention of microbial plaque, such as calculus. People with crowded teeth retain more calculus and need to visit their dentist more often for professional cleanings. Periodontal disease treatment aims at inhibiting the progression of the disease and keeping the teeth in the oral cavity.

Prevention of periodontal disease:
The most important way to prevent periodontal disease is to control and remove microbial plaque, which is achieved by implementing a proper oral hygiene program: